Now count the spaces between the words in the line. Fully Justified Text – In DetailĮstimate how many Ems wide the gap at the end of the line is. Under estimating is easier to work around than over estimating, because it's easier to stick a few more spaces in than take them all out and try with something else. A quick glance at the end of an Em will remind you what your unit of measure looks like. Try to estimate from day one – you'll soon get a good feel for it. Where you put this spacing will depend on the alignment of the text. Use your spacing to fill the width of the measure (which you will have set to suit the job you're doing, before you started composing). When you've finished a line in the composing stick there will be a gap at the end. You need a set of all five widths of spacing, in the same point size of type you're using (eg 14pt spacing with 14pt type). If the line falls right over, you need to add more spacing. You should be able to tip the top of the line back by about 15° and it should stay there without slipping any further. Pinch these together, trapping the line of text between. You should have a lead underneath your line, if you followed our page on composition, and another on top. In other words, the lead is 18 times 12pt long (216pt, for the arithmetically challenged!). If someone says to you something like, ‘this lead is 18 Ems long’, they'll be talking about pica Ems. Something else you'll need to know is that although an Em is usually relative to the type size, it defaults to pica (another way of saying 12pt) where no type size is specified. For instance, a 12pt 5 Em Quad can be turned on its side to make a 60pt Thin. To confuse matters, people sometimes (erroneously) call Quotations quads, too. These extra wide spaces are particularly useful for centering things and, above all, for poetry. Quads (or Quadrats) are like extra wide spaces, in multiples of 1 Em: 2 Em, 3 Em, 4 Em and occasionally 5 Em. Em spaces are sometimes grouped in with Quads.
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